Discovering the basics of 3D LiDAR technology

3D lidar technology is a remote sensing technology for measuring distances in an environment using light detection and ranging, also known as LiDAR.

3D LiDAR technology image source: Automotive World


It plays a key role in embedded vision systems’ success. This leads to more advanced technologies emerging all the time, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). They have become increasingly important in areas like autonomous vehicles, factory automation, and smart retail.

The earliest method of 3D depth sensing uses passive stereo cameras to calculate the disparity of pixels from two in-sync sensors. In contrast, passive technology does not work in the dark. Furthermore, the texture of objects in the scene affects the depth quality. In order to overcome this problem, active stereo vision technology is used.

3D LiDAR technology can be divided into two types.

Based on their functions, 3D LiDAR systems can be divided into Airborne LiDARs and Terrestrial LiDARs.

Airborne LiDAR

It is common for 3D lidar sensors to be mounted on aircraft such as drones and helicopters. Light pulses are sent toward the ground surface, where they are returned immediately after hitting an object to provide the exact distance. In addition to topological LiDAR, it can also be categorized into bathymetric LiDAR, which uses water-penetrating green light to measure seafloor and riverbed elevations.

Terrestrial LiDAR

Terrain LiDAR systems are mounted on moving vehicles or tripods. 3D lidar sensors are used to map the natural features of buildings and to observe highways in high detail. The tool can also be used to create accurate 3D models of heritage sites. There are two types of terrestrial LiDAR systems: mobile and static.


What is the process of LiDAR?

In order to measure distance accurately with light, 3D LiDAR technology was developed.

Lidar uses laser pulses, which are sent from a transmitter and reflected from objects in the scene in 3D.

Since light travels at a constant speed, the system receiver detects reflected pulses. LiDAR’s point clouds, which capture instantaneous data, are called a “frame.”

With 3D LiDAR technology, you can measure distances to almost anything, including terrain, vegetation, buildings, vehicles, and people.


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